{"id":16828,"date":"2026-07-13T15:34:48","date_gmt":"2026-07-13T06:34:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jennifersoft.com\/ko\/?p=16828"},"modified":"2026-09-30T15:38:04","modified_gmt":"2026-09-30T06:38:04","slug":"2026-07-13-llm-ai-jennifer","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jennifersoft.com\/ko\/blog\/tech\/2026-07-13-llm-ai-jennifer\/","title":{"rendered":"LLM \ud559\uc2b5 \uc6a9\uc5b4 \uc815\ub9ac: \u201cAI\ub97c \ud559\uc2b5\uc2dc\ud0a8\ub2e4\u201d\ub294 \ub9d0, \uc2e4\uc81c\ub85c \ubb34\uc5c7\uc744 \ubc14\uafb8\ub294 \uac78\uae4c?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<ul class=\"wp-block-gallery columns-1 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-1 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\"><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"560\" src=\"https:\/\/jennifersoft.com\/ko\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2026\/07\/JENNIFER-1-1024x560.png\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"16850\" data-link=\"https:\/\/jennifersoft.com\/ko\/blog\/tech\/2026-07-13-llm-ai-jennifer\/attachment\/jennifer-25\/\" class=\"wp-image-16850\" srcset=\"https:\/\/jennifersoft.com\/ko\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2026\/07\/JENNIFER-1-1024x560.png 1024w, https:\/\/jennifersoft.com\/ko\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2026\/07\/JENNIFER-1-300x164.png 300w, https:\/\/jennifersoft.com\/ko\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2026\/07\/JENNIFER-1.png 1928w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\ubaa9\ucc28<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>LLM \ud559\uc2b5 \uc6a9\uc5b4 \uc815\ub9ac<\/li><li>\uc5b8\uc5b4 \uc0dd\uc131 \ub525\ub7ec\ub2dd \ubaa8\ub378 \ud559\uc2b5<\/li><li>LLM \ud559\uc2b5<\/li><li>\ud559\uc2b5 \ub2e8\uacc4\uc5d0 \ub530\ub978 LLM \ud559\uc2b5<\/li><li>\ud559\uc2b5 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub97c \ub9cc\ub4dc\ub294 \ubc29\ubc95\uc5d0 \ub530\ub978 LLM \ud559\uc2b5<\/li><li>Context engineering<\/li><li>\uc81c\ub2c8\ud37c\uc758 AI \uae30\ub2a5\uc744 \uc774 \uad00\uc810\uc5d0\uc11c \ubcf4\uba74<\/li><li>\uc790\uc8fc \ubb3b\ub294 \uc9c8\ubb38 (FAQ)<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">LLM \ud559\uc2b5 \uc6a9\uc5b4 \uc815\ub9ac<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">LLM\uc744 \uc81c\ud488\uc5d0 \uc801\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \uacfc\uc815\uc5d0\uc11c \u201cAI\ub97c \ud559\uc2b5\uc2dc\ud0a8\ub2e4\u201d\ub294 \ud45c\ud604\uc774 \uc790\uc8fc \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc5ec\uae30\uc11c LLM\uc758 \ud559\uc2b5\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \ub9d0\uc740 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uc758\ubbf8\ub97c \uac00\uc9c8 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\uac01\uac01\uc758 \uad00\uc810\uacfc \ud2b9\uc9d5\uc744 \uc54c\uc544 \ub450\ub294 \uac83\uc774 LLM\uc744 \ud65c\uc6a9\ud55c \uc81c\ud488\uc744 \ub9cc\ub4dc\ub294 \uacfc\uc815\uc5d0\uc11c \uc720\uc6a9\ud558\ub2e4\uace0 \uc0dd\uac01\ud574 \uc815\ub9ac\ud574 \ubcf4\uc558\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uac00\uc7a5 \uba3c\uc800 LLM\uc774\ub780 \ubb34\uc5c7\uc778\uc9c0, LLM \ud559\uc2b5\uc774\ub780 \ubb34\uc5c7\uc778\uc9c0 \uadf8 \uae30\uc800\uc5d0 \uae54\ub9b0 \uae30\ubcf8 \uac1c\ub150\uc744 \uba3c\uc800 \uc18c\uac1c\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\uadf8\ub2e4\uc74c\uc73c\ub85c LLM \ud559\uc2b5\uc744 \ud559\uc2b5 \ub2e8\uacc4\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c 3\ub2e8\uacc4\ub85c \ub098\ub220 \uc124\uba85\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>pre-training<\/li><li>post-training<\/li><li>\ud559\uc2b5\uc774 \uc644\ub8cc\ub41c \uc774\ud6c4 context engineering\uc73c\ub85c \uc9c0\uc2dd \uc8fc\uc785<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\uc5b4\ub290 \ub2e8\uacc4\uc5d0\uc11c \ud559\uc2b5\ud588\ub294\uc9c0\uc640 \ubcc4\uac1c\ub85c \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \ud559\uc2b5 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub97c \ub9cc\ub4dc\ub294\uac00\ub3c4 \uc911\uc694\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. LLM \ud559\uc2b5 \uad00\ub828 \uc6a9\uc5b4\ub85c \uc790\uc8fc \uc5b8\uae09\ub418\ub294 \ud0a4\uc6cc\ub4dc\ub4e4\uc774\ub77c \ud568\uaed8 \uc815\ub9ac\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Supervised fine-tuning(\ud639\uc740 SFT)<\/li><li>Reinforcement learning<\/li><li>Distillation<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uc5b8\uc5b4 \uc0dd\uc131 \ub525\ub7ec\ub2dd \ubaa8\ub378 \ud559\uc2b5<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">GPT\ub294 \u201cGenerative\nPre-Trained deep learning model\u201d\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \uc774\ub984\uc740 GPT\uac00 \ud558\uace0\uc790 \ud558\ub294 \uc77c\uacfc \uadf8 \uc77c\uc744 \ud574\ub0b4\ub294 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc744 \uad6c\uccb4\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ub4dc\ub7ec\ub0c5\ub2c8\ub2e4. GPT\uac00 \ud558\uace0\uc790 \ud558\ub294 \uc77c\uc740 language generation, \uc989 \uc790\uc5f0\uc5b4 \ubb38\uc7a5 \uc0dd\uc131\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\uadf8\ub7ec\ud55c \uc791\uc5c5\uc774 pre-trained model\ub85c \uac00\ub2a5\ud558\ub2e4\uace0 \uc804\uc81c\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc989, \uc8fc\uc5b4\uc9c4 \ud14d\uc2a4\ud2b8\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \ub2e4\uc74c \ub2e8\uc5b4\ub97c \uc608\uce21\ud558\ub294 \uace0\uc815\ub41c \ud655\ub960 \ubd84\ud3ec \ud568\uc218\uac00 \uc874\uc7ac\ud55c\ub2e4\uace0 \uac00\uc815\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\uadf8\ub7ec\ud55c \ud655\ub960 \ubd84\ud3ec \ud568\uc218\ub97c deep learning model\ub85c \ud45c\ud604\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc989, LLM \ud559\uc2b5\uc740 \ub525\ub7ec\ub2dd \ud559\uc2b5\uc774\uba70, \ub525\ub7ec\ub2dd \ud559\uc2b5\uc758 \ud2b9\uc9d5\uc774 LLM \ud559\uc2b5\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 \uace0\uc2a4\ub780\ud788 \ub4dc\ub7ec\ub0a9\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ub525\ub7ec\ub2dd \ubaa8\ub378\uc740 \uac70\uc758 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc885\ub958\uc758 \ud655\ub960 \ubd84\ud3ec\ub97c \uadfc\uc0ac\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \uc8fc\uc5b4\uc9c4 \ud14d\uc2a4\ud2b8\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \ub2e4\uc74c \ub2e8\uc5b4\ub97c \uc608\uce21\ud558\ub294 \ud655\ub960 \ubd84\ud3ec \ud568\uc218\uac00 \uc2e4\uc81c\ub85c \uc874\uc7ac\ud558\ub294\uc9c0 \uc54c\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uc5b4\uca0c\ub4e0 \ub525\ub7ec\ub2dd \ubaa8\ub378\ub85c \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \ud655\ub960 \ubd84\ud3ec \ud568\uc218\ub97c \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \ub3c4\ucd9c\ud574 \ub0b4\ub294 \ub370 \uc131\uacf5\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ub525\ub7ec\ub2dd \ubaa8\ub378\uc740 \ubaa8\ub378\uc758 \ub0b4\uc6a9(\uac00\uc911\uce58 \ud639\uc740 \ud30c\ub77c\ubbf8\ud130)\uc744 \ubc14\uafb8\ub294 \ud559\uc2b5 \ub2e8\uacc4(training phase)\uc640 \ubaa8\ub378\uc744 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \ucd94\ub860 \ub2e8\uacc4(inference phase)\uac00 \uc5c4\uaca9\ud558\uac8c \uad6c\ubd84\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc790\uc5f0\uc2a4\ub7fd\uac8c pre-trained model\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uac1c\ub150\uc774 \uc0dd\uae30\uace0, LLM\uc73c\ub85c \ud45c\ud604\ub418\ub294 \uc790\uc5f0\uc5b4 \uc804\ubc18\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ud655\ub960 \ubd84\ud3ec \ud568\uc218\ub294 \uace0\uc815\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc608\ub97c \ub4e4\uc5b4, \uc624\ub298\ub0a0\uc758 GPT-5.5\ub294 100\ub144 \ud6c4 \uc0ac\ub78c\uacfc \uc774\uc57c\uae30(inference)\ub97c \uc544\ubb34\ub9ac \ub9ce\uc774 \ud574\ub3c4 100\ub144 \ub4a4\uc758 \uc5b8\uc5b4\ub97c \uc775\ud788\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ub525\ub7ec\ub2dd \ubaa8\ub378\uc740 \uc8fc\uc5b4\uc9c4 \uc815\ub2f5\uc5d0 \uc870\uae08\uc529 \uac00\uae4c\uc6cc\uc9c0\ub294 gradient descent \ubc29\uc2dd\uc73c\ub85c \ud559\uc2b5\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4. LLM\uc758 \uacbd\uc6b0 \uc8fc\uc5b4\uc9c4 \ud14d\uc2a4\ud2b8\ub97c \uc785\ub825\uc73c\ub85c \ubc1b\uc544 \ub2e4\uc74c \ub2e8\uc5b4\ub97c \uc815\ub2f5\uc73c\ub85c \ud559\uc2b5\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\uc785\ub825: \u201c\ub3d9\ud574\ubb3c\uacfc \ubc31\ub450\uc0b0\uc774\u201d \/ \uc815\ub2f5: \u201c\ub9c8\ub974\uace0\u201d, \uc624\ub2f5: \u201c\ub192\ub2e4\u201d \u2192 \u03b1 \u00d7 (\ub9c8\ub974\uace0 \u2212 \ub192\ub2e4) \ub9cc\ud07c \ud559\uc2b5<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ub2e4\uc74c\ubc88\uc5d0 \ub3d9\uc77c\ud55c \uc785\ub825\uc774 \ub4e4\uc5b4\uc624\uba74 \uc815\ub2f5\uacfc \ub354 \uac00\uae4c\uc6b4 \ub2f5\uc744 \ud560 \uac00\ub2a5\uc131\uc774 \ub192\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc0d8\ud50c \ud558\ub098\ub97c \uc644\ubcbd\ud788 \uae30\uc5b5\ud558\ub294 \uac8c \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uc870\uae08\uc529\ub9cc \uc815\ub2f5\uc5d0 \uac00\uae4c\uc6cc\uc9c0\ub3c4\ub85d \ud559\uc2b5\ud558\ubbc0\ub85c \u201c\ubc31\ub450\uc0b0\uc774\u201d \ub2e4\uc74c\uc5d4 \ud56d\uc0c1 \u201c\ub9c8\ub974\uace0\u201d\uac00 \uc624\ub3c4\ub85d \ubcf4\uc7a5\ud560 \uc218\ub294 \uc5c6\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc790\uc5f0\uc5b4\ub77c\ub294 \uc815\ub2f5\uc774 \uc5c6\ub294 \ubd84\uc57c\ub97c \ud559\uc2b5\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc774\ubbc0\ub85c \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \ubaa8\ud638\uc131\uc774 \ud569\ub9ac\uc801\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ub525\ub7ec\ub2dd\uc740 \ud558\ub098\uc758 \ubaa8\ub378\ub85c \ud558\ub098\uc758 \ud655\ub960 \ubd84\ud3ec \ud568\uc218\ub97c \ud45c\ud604\ud558\uace0, \ud559\uc2b5 \ub370\uc774\ud130 \ud558\ub098\ub294 \ud655\ub960 \ubd84\ud3ec \ud568\uc218 \uc804\uccb4\uc5d0 \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \ubbf8\uce69\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud2b9\uc815 \uc791\uc5c5\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 LLM\uc744 \ud30c\uc778\ud29c\ub2dd\ud560 \ub54c LLM\uc740 \uc54c\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc5b8\uc5b4\uc640 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc9c0\uc2dd\uc744 \uc7ac\uc870\uc815\ud558\ubbc0\ub85c LLM \ubaa8\ub378\uc744 \ud559\uc2b5\ud560 \ub54c\ub294 \uc608\uc0c1\uce58 \ubabb\ud55c \ubd80\uc791\uc6a9\uc774 \ud544\uc5f0\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"666\" src=\"https:\/\/jennifersoft.com\/ko\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2026\/07\/\u1109\u1173\u110f\u1173\u1105\u1175\u11ab\u1109\u1163\u11ba-2026-07-13-\u110b\u1169\u1112\u116e-2.56.41-1024x666.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-16835\" srcset=\"https:\/\/jennifersoft.com\/ko\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2026\/07\/\u1109\u1173\u110f\u1173\u1105\u1175\u11ab\u1109\u1163\u11ba-2026-07-13-\u110b\u1169\u1112\u116e-2.56.41-1024x666.png 1024w, https:\/\/jennifersoft.com\/ko\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2026\/07\/\u1109\u1173\u110f\u1173\u1105\u1175\u11ab\u1109\u1163\u11ba-2026-07-13-\u110b\u1169\u1112\u116e-2.56.41-300x195.png 300w, https:\/\/jennifersoft.com\/ko\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2026\/07\/\u1109\u1173\u110f\u1173\u1105\u1175\u11ab\u1109\u1163\u11ba-2026-07-13-\u110b\u1169\u1112\u116e-2.56.41.png 1888w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">LLM \ud559\uc2b5<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cLLM \ud559\uc2b5\u201d\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \ud45c\ud604\uc740 \uc5c4\ubc00\ud788\ub294 \ubaa8\ub378\uc758 \ud30c\ub77c\ubbf8\ud130\ub97c \uc5c5\ub370\uc774\ud2b8\ud558\ub294 \uc791\uc5c5\uc744 \uc758\ubbf8\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \uc548\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 \uae30\ubc18 \ubaa8\ub378\uc744 \ub9cc\ub4dc\ub294 pre-training, \uc0ac\uc6a9 \ubaa9\uc801\uc5d0 \ub9de\uac8c \ubaa8\ub378\uc758 \ud589\ub3d9\uc744 \ub2e4\ub4ec\ub294 post-training\uc73c\ub85c \ub098\ub258\uace0, \ubaa8\ub378 \uc790\uccb4\ub97c \uc218\uc815\ud558\ub294 \uc77c\ubc18\uc801\uc778 \ubc29\ubc95\uacfc LoRA\ucc98\ub7fc \uae30\uc874 \ubaa8\ub378\uc740 \uace0\uc815\ud55c \ucc44 \ubcf4\uc870 \ud30c\ub77c\ubbf8\ud130\ub97c \ucd94\uac00\ud574 \ud559\uc2b5\ud558\ub294 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc73c\ub85c \ub2e4\uc2dc \ub098\ub20c \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\uc5b4\ub5a4 \uacbd\uc6b0\uc5d0\ub294 \ubaa8\ub378\uc744 \uadf8\ub300\ub85c \ub450\uace0, \uc678\ubd80 \ubb38\uc11c, \ub3c4\uad6c \ud638\ucd9c \uacb0\uacfc \ub4f1\uc744 LLM\uc774 \uc77d\uc744 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \ubb38\ub9e5\uc73c\ub85c \uad6c\uc131\ud558\ub294 \uc77c\uc744 \u201cLLM \ud559\uc2b5\u201d\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ud45c\ud604\ud558\uae30\ub3c4 \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \u201cLLM\uc774 \ubb34\uc5b8\uac00\ub97c \uc54c\uac8c \ud588\ub2e4\u201d\ub77c\ub294 \uc758\ubbf8\uc5d0\uc11c \u201c\ud559\uc2b5\u201d\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ud45c\ud604\ub418\ub294 \uac83\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. RAG\ub294 \uc774 \uc911 \uc678\ubd80 \uc9c0\uc2dd\uc744 \uac80\uc0c9\ud574 \uc2e4\ud589 \ubb38\ub9e5\uc5d0 \ub123\ub294 \ub300\ud45c\uc801\uc778 \ud615\ud0dc\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ub2e4\ub9cc \ubaa8\ub4e0 context engineering\uc744 \u201c\ud559\uc2b5\u201d\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ubd80\ub974\uae30\ub294 \uc5b4\ub835\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc678\ubd80 \uc9c0\uc2dd\uc744 \uac80\uc0c9\ud574 \ubaa8\ub378\uc774 \ucc38\uace0\ud558\uac8c \ud558\ub294 \uacbd\uc6b0\uc5d0\ub294 \ub113\uc740 \uc758\ubbf8\uc5d0\uc11c \u201c\uc54c\uac8c \ud588\ub2e4\u201d\uace0 \ub9d0\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc9c0\ub9cc, \ucd9c\ub825 \ud615\uc2dd\uc774\ub098 \ub3c4\uad6c \uc124\uba85\uc744 \uc815\ub9ac\ud558\ub294 \ub4f1 \ud559\uc2b5\ubcf4\ub2e4 \uc2e4\ud589 \ubb38\ub9e5 \uc124\uacc4\uc5d0 \uac00\uae4c\uc6b4 \uc791\uc5c5\ub3c4 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud2b9\uc815 \ubaa8\ub378\uc5d0 \ub9de\ucdb0 \uc804\uc6a9 \ud504\ub86c\ud504\ud2b8\ub97c \ucd94\uac00\ud558\uac70\ub098 tool description\uc744 \uc870\uc815\ud558\uace0, \ubc18\ubcf5 \ubb38\uad6c\ub97c \uc81c\uac70\ud558\ub294 \ud6c4\ucc98\ub9ac\ub97c \ub123\ub294 \uc791\uc5c5\uc740 \ubaa8\ub378 \ud30c\ub77c\ubbf8\ud130\ub97c \ubc14\uafbc \ud559\uc2b5\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\uba70, \u201cLLM \uc790\uccb4\ub97c \ucd5c\uc801\ud654\ud588\ub2e4\u201d\uae30\ubcf4\ub2e4 LLM\uc744 \ub458\ub7ec\uc2fc \uc785\ub825, \ub3c4\uad6c, \ucd9c\ub825 \uc81c\uc5b4\ub97c \ub2e4\ub4ec\ub294 \uc77c\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub97c \u201c\ud2b9\uc815 \ubaa8\ub378\uc5d0 \ub9de\ucdb0 \ud30c\uc778\ud29c\ub2dd\ud588\ub2e4\u201d\uace0 \ud45c\ud604\ud574 LLM \ud559\uc2b5 \ubc29\ubc95 \uc911 \ud558\ub098\uc778 fine-tuning\uacfc \ud63c\ub3d9\ud558\ub294 \uc0c1\ud669\uc774 \uc788\uc744 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ubaa8\ub378\uc758 \uae30\uc874 \ud30c\ub77c\ubbf8\ud130\ub97c \ubc14\uafb8\uc5c8\ub294\uc9c0, adapter \uac19\uc740 \ubcf4\uc870 \ud30c\ub77c\ubbf8\ud130\ub97c \ud559\uc2b5\ud588\ub294\uc9c0, \uac80\uc0c9 \uacb0\uacfc\uc640 \uc6b4\uc601 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub97c \ubb38\ub9e5\uc73c\ub85c \uad6c\uc131\ud588\ub294\uc9c0, \ubaa8\ub378 \uc8fc\ubcc0\uc758 \uae30\ub2a5 \ud1b5\ud569\ubd80\ub97c \uc870\uc815\ud588\ub294\uc9c0\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \uae30\uc220\uc758 \uc131\uaca9\uacfc \uc801\ud569\ud55c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ucc98\uac00 \ub2ec\ub77c\uc9d1\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ud559\uc2b5 \ub2e8\uacc4\uc5d0 \ub530\ub978 LLM \ud559\uc2b5<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pre-training<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pre-training\uc740 \uc5b8\uc5b4 \ub2a5\ub825\uc758 \uae30\ubc18\uc744 \ub2e4\uc9c0\ub294 \ub2e8\uacc4\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub300\ub7c9\uc758 \ud14d\uc2a4\ud2b8\uc640 \ucf54\ub4dc(\ud639\uc740 \uc774\ubbf8\uc9c0, \uc74c\uc131 \ub4f1 \uba40\ud2f0\ubaa8\ub2ec \ub370\uc774\ud130\uae4c\uc9c0)\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud574 \ubaa8\ub378\uc774 \uc790\uc5f0\uc5b4\uc758 \ud328\ud134\uacfc \uc77c\ubc18\uc801\uc778 \uc9c0\uc2dd\uc744 \uc775\ud788\ub3c4\ub85d \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \ub2e8\uacc4\uc5d0\uc11c \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5b4\uc9c4 \ubaa8\ub378\uc744 foundation model, base model, pre-trained model \ub4f1\uc73c\ub85c \ubd80\ub985\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud604\ub300\uc758 LLM pre-training\uc740 \uaddc\ubaa8\uac00 \uad49\uc7a5\ud788 \ud07d\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uacf5\uac1c \uae30\uc220 \ubcf4\uace0\uc11c \uc911 Qwen3.6\uc740 \uc57d 36T token \uaddc\ubaa8\uc758 pre-training corpus\ub97c, DeepSeek-V3\ub294 14.8T token pre-training\uacfc \uc804\uccb4 \ud559\uc2b5 2.788M H800 GPU hours\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud588\ub2e4\uace0 \ubcf4\uace0\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. (\ud55c\uad6d \ub3c5\ud30c\ubaa8\uc5d0\uc11c Upstage Solar Open\uc740 19.7T, SK T A.X K1\uc740 10T \uaddc\ubaa8 \ud559\uc2b5 \ub370\uc774\ud130 \uc0ac\uc6a9) \ub300\ud615 foundation model\uc758 pre-training\uc740 \uc81c\ud488 \ud300\uc774 \uace0\uac1d\uc0ac \ubb38\uc11c\ub97c \ucd94\uac00\ud558\uace0 \uc2f6\uc744 \ub54c \uc120\ud0dd\ud558\ub294 \uc791\uc5c5\uc774\ub77c\uae30\ubcf4\ub2e4, \uae30\ubc18 \ubaa8\ub378\uc744 \ub9cc\ub4dc\ub294 \ube45\ud14c\ud06c\uc758 \uc601\uc5ed\uc5d0 \uac00\uae5d\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\uc774\ub807\uac8c \uc27d\uac8c \uc811\uadfc\ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\ub294 \uae30\uc220\uc778 \ub9cc\ud07c pre-training\uc740 \ubbf8\uad6d\uc774\ub098 \uc911\uad6d\uc758 \ube45\ud14c\ud06c\ub098 \ud55c\uad6d\uc758 \u201c\ub3c5\uc790 \ud30c\uc6b4\ub370\uc774\uc158 \ubaa8\ub378 \uc0ac\uc5c5\u201d \ub4f1 \uc81c\ud55c\ub41c \ub9e5\ub77d\uc5d0\uc11c\ub9cc \uc774\uc57c\uae30\ub418\uace0\ub294 \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc81c\ub2c8\ud37c \ub610\ud55c \ubc94\uc6a9 LLM\uc744 \ucc98\uc74c\ubd80\ud130 \ub9cc\ub4dc\ub294 \uc2dc\ub3c4\ub97c \ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. Pre-training\uc740 \uc9c4\ud589\ud55c \uc801\ub3c4, \uc9c4\ud589\ud560 \uacc4\ud68d\ub3c4 \uc5c6\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Post-training<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Post-training\uc740 pre-training\uc774 \ub05d\ub09c \ubaa8\ub378\uc744 \uc2e4\uc81c \uc0ac\uc6a9 \ubaa9\uc801\uc5d0 \ub9de\uac8c \ub2e4\ub4ec\ub294 \ub113\uc740 \ub2e8\uacc4\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc778\uac04\uc758 \uc5b8\uc5b4\ub97c \ub450\ub8e8 \uc775\ud78c LLM\uc5d0 \ud2b9\ud654\ub41c \ud559\uc2b5 \ub370\uc774\ud130\uc14b\uc73c\ub85c \ucd94\uac00 \ud559\uc2b5\uc744 \uc9c4\ud589\ud558\uba74 \uadf8 \uad6c\uccb4\uc801\uc778 \uc77c\uac10\uc744 \ub354 \uc798 \ucc98\ub9ac\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pre-training\uc774 \uae30\ubcf8 \uc5b8\uc5b4 \ub2a5\ub825\uacfc \uc77c\ubc18\uc801\uc778 \ubc30\uacbd \uc9c0\uc2dd\uc744 \ub9cc\ub4dc\ub294 \uacfc\uc815\uc774\ub77c\uba74, post-training\uc740 \uadf8 \uae30\ubc18 \ubaa8\ub378\uc774 \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uc758 \uc9c0\uc2dc\ub97c \ub530\ub974\uace0, \uc548\uc804\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc740 \uc694\uccad\uc744 \uac70\uc808\ud558\uace0, \uc815\ud574\uc9c4 \ud615\uc2dd\uc73c\ub85c \ub2f5\ud558\uace0, \uc0ac\ub78c\uc774 \uc120\ud638\ud558\ub294 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc5d0 \ub354 \uac00\uae5d\uac8c \ud589\ub3d9\ud558\ub3c4\ub85d \ub2e4\ub4ec\ub294 \uacfc\uc815\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \u201cAlignment\u201d \ud639\uc740 \u201c\uc815\ub82c\u201d\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \ud45c\ud604\ub3c4 \uc774 \ub9e5\ub77d\uc5d0\uc11c \uc774\ud574\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\uae30\uc5c5\uc5d0\uc11c \uac01\uc790\uc758 \uc11c\ube44\uc2a4\uc640 \uc81c\ud488\uc5d0 \ub9de\ucdb0 \ud2b9\ud654 LLM\uc744 \ub9cc\ub4e4\uae30 \uc704\ud574 post-training\uc744 \ud558\uae30\ub3c4 \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub124\uc774\ubc84 \uc6f9\ud230\uc5d0\uc11c \uc790\uc0ac \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub97c \ud65c\uc6a9\ud574 \uc6f9\ud230, \uc6f9\uc18c\uc124 \uc9d1\ud544\uc6a9 LLM\uc744 \ub9cc\ub4e4\uac70\ub098, \uc81c\ub2c8\ud37c\uc5d0\uc11c \uc81c\ub2c8\ud37c \uc778\uc0ac\uc774\ud2b8\ub77c\ub294 \ud658\uacbd\uc5d0 \ub9de\ucd94\uc5b4 LLM\uc744 post-training\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \ub300\ud45c\uc801\uc778 \uc608\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. Post-training\uc740 \ubaa8\ub378\uc758 \ub3d9\uc791\uc744 \uc804\ubc18\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc218\uc815\ud558\ubbc0\ub85c \ubaa8\ub378\uc774 \uae30\uc874\uc5d0 \uac16\uace0 \uc788\ub358 \ub2a5\ub825\uc774 \ud6fc\uc190\ub41c\ub2e4\ub294 \ubd80\uc791\uc6a9\uc774 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \ubc94\uc6a9\uc131\uc744 \ubaa9\ud45c\ub85c LLM\uc744 \ud559\uc2b5\ud55c big tech\uc758 LLM \ud300\ubcf4\ub2e4, \uc6b0\ub9ac \uc81c\ud488\uc758 \ubfb0\uc871\ud55c \uc218\uc694\ub97c \uc798 \ud30c\uc545\ud55c \uc0ac\ub0b4 AI \ud300\uc774 \ub354 \ub098\uc740 LLM\uc744 \ub9cc\ub4e4 \uc218 \uc788\uc744 \ub54c \ud65c\uc6a9\ud558\uac8c \ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">LLM \ud559\uc2b5\uacfc \uad00\ub828\ud574 \uc774\uc57c\uae30\ub418\ub294 \ud0a4\uc6cc\ub4dc\ub4e4\uc740 \ub300\ubd80\ubd84 \uc774 post-training \ub2e8\uacc4\uc5d0 \uc704\uce58\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ubaa8\ub378\uc744 \ubaa9\uc801\uc5d0 \ub9de\ucdb0 \uac1c\uc870\ud55c\ub2e4: Fine-tuning<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Post-training\uacfc fine-tuning\uc740 \uc27d\uac8c \ud63c\uc6a9\ub418\ub294 \ud45c\ud604\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. Post-training\uc774 fine-tuning \uacfc\uc815\uc744 \ud3ec\ud568\ud558\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. Fine-tuning\uc740 pre-training\ub41c \ubaa8\ub378\uc758 \ud30c\ub77c\ubbf8\ud130\ub098 LoRA adapter \uac19\uc740 \ud559\uc2b5 \uac00\ub2a5\ud55c \ubcf4\uc870 \ud30c\ub77c\ubbf8\ud130\ub97c \uc5c5\ub370\uc774\ud2b8\ud558\ub294 \ub3d9\uc791\uc744 \uac00\ub9ac\ud0b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub4a4\uc5d0 \uc18c\uac1c\ub420 SFT\ub85c \uc815\ub2f5 \uc608\uc2dc\ub97c \ub530\ub77c\uac00\uac8c \ud558\ub294 \uc77c, DPO\ucc98\ub7fc \uc120\ud638 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub97c \ubc18\uc601\ud558\ub294 \uc77c, LoRA adapter\ub97c \ub367\ubd99\uc5ec \ud559\uc2b5\ud558\ub294 \uc77c \ubaa8\ub450 fine-tuning \uacfc\uc815\uc744 \uac70\uce69\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Fine-tuning\uc744 \uc774\uc57c\uae30\ud560 \ub54c\ub294 \uc218\uc815\ud558\ub294 \ud30c\ub77c\ubbf8\ud130\uc758 \uc704\uce58\ub97c \uad6c\ubd84\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc720\uc6a9\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc804\uccb4 \ubaa8\ub378 \ub610\ub294 \uc8fc\uc694 \uac00\uc911\uce58\ub97c \uc9c1\uc811 \uc5c5\ub370\uc774\ud2b8\ud558\ub294 full fine-tuning\uc774 \uc788\uace0, \uae30\uc874 \ubaa8\ub378\uc740 \uace0\uc815\ud55c \ucc44 \uc678\ubd80 \uac00\uc911\uce58\uc778 adapter\ub098 LoRA weight\ucc98\ub7fc \ubcf4\uc870 \ud30c\ub77c\ubbf8\ud130\ub9cc \ud559\uc2b5\ud558\ub294 parameter-efficient fine-tuning\uc774 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">LLM \ud559\uc2b5, \uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \ub354 \uc798 \ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4: Full Fine-tuning<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Full fine-tuning\uc740 \ub9de\ucda4 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub85c \uc804\uccb4 \ubaa8\ub378 \ub610\ub294 \uc8fc\uc694 \uac00\uc911\uce58\ub97c \uc5c5\ub370\uc774\ud2b8\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubaa8\ub378 \ubcf8\uccb4\uc758 \uac00\uc911\uce58\ub97c \uc218\uc815\ud558\ubbc0\ub85c \ubaa8\ub378\uc744 \uc81c\ud55c \uc5c6\uc774 \uae4a\uac8c \uc870\uc815\ud558\ub294 \uc811\uadfc\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. Full fine-tuning\uc740 pre-training\ubcf4\ub2e4\ub294 \ube44\uc6a9\uc774 \uc800\ub834\ud55c \ud3b8\uc774\uc9c0\ub9cc, \ubaa8\ub378\uc758 \uac00\uc911\uce58\ub97c \uc5c5\ub370\uc774\ud2b8\ud558\ubbc0\ub85c GPU, \uba54\ubaa8\ub9ac, \ud559\uc2b5 \uc548\uc815\uc131, \ud68c\uadc0 \uac80\uc99d \ubd80\ub2f4\uc774 \ud07d\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud559\uc2b5 \ub370\uc774\ud130 \uaddc\ubaa8\ub294 \uc0c1\ub300\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc791\uc744 \uc218 \uc788\uc5b4\ub3c4, \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uc785\ub825\uacfc \ucd9c\ub825\uc744 \ud559\uc2b5\uc2dc\ud0ac\uc9c0, \uc5b4\ub5a4 objective\ub97c \ub458\uc9c0, \uae30\uc874 \ub2a5\ub825\uc774 \uc190\uc0c1\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\ub294\uc9c0 \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \ud3c9\uac00\ud560\uc9c0 \ub4f1\uc744 \ucda9\ubd84\ud788 \uace0\ub824\ud574\uc57c \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">InstructGPT \ub17c\ubb38\uc740 SFT, reward\nmodel, PPO \ud750\ub984\uc744 \ub098\ub204\uc5b4 \uc124\uba85\ud558\uba70, \ucd1d 7\ub9cc 7\ucc9c\uc5ec \uac74\uc758 \ud559\uc2b5 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub97c \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5b4 \ud559\uc2b5\ud588\ub2e4\uace0 \ubcf4\uace0\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. (SFT \uc57d 13k prompts, reward model \uc57d 33k prompts, PPO \uc57d 31k prompts) Stanford Alpaca\ub294 52K\ninstruction-following demonstrations\ub85c 7B LLaMA\ub97c fine-tuning\ud55c \uc0ac\ub840\ub97c \uc18c\uac1c\ud558\uba70, \ucd08\uae30 \ud559\uc2b5 \uc2e4\ud589\uc774 8\uac1c 80GB A100\uc5d0\uc11c 3\uc2dc\uac04 \uac78\ub838\ub2e4\uace0 \uc124\uba85\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\uc774\ub807\uac8c \uace0\ud488\uc9c8 \uc18c\ub7c9 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub85c LLM\uc744 fine-tuning\ud574 \uc131\ub2a5\uc744 \uac1c\uc120\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4\ub294 \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc774 \uc99d\uba85\ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc704 \uc0ac\ub840\ub4e4\uc740 \uc218\ub9cc \uac74 \uc218\uc900\uc758 \uc608\uc2dc\ub3c4 \uc758\ubbf8 \uc788\ub294 \ud589\ub3d9 \ubcc0\ud654\ub97c \ub9cc\ub4e4 \uc218 \uc788\uc74c\uc744 \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc8fc\uba70, \ub3d9\uc2dc\uc5d0 \uc800\uc790\ub4e4\uc740 \ub370\uc774\ud130 \ud488\uc9c8\uacfc \uc2e4\uc81c \uc785\ub825 \ubd84\ud3ec\uac00 \uc911\uc694\ud558\ub2e4\ub294 \uc810\uc744 \uac15\uc870\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uc798 \ud559\uc2b5\ub41c \ubaa8\ub378\uc744 \uc218\uc815\ud558\uae30 \ubb34\uc12d\ub2e4: LoRA, QLoRA Fine-tuning<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">LLM\uc774 \ucee4\uc9c8\uc218\ub85d \uc804\uccb4 \ud30c\ub77c\ubbf8\ud130\ub97c \ubaa8\ub450 fine-tuning\ud558\ub294 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc740 \ube44\uc6a9\uacfc \uc790\uc6d0 \ubd80\ub2f4\uc774 \ud07d\ub2c8\ub2e4. LoRA(Low-Rank Adaptation of LLM)\ub294 pre-trained model\uc758 \uae30\uc874 \uac00\uc911\uce58\ub294 \uace0\uc815\ud558\uace0, \uc77c\ubd80 \uacc4\uce35\uc5d0 \ud559\uc2b5 \uac00\ub2a5\ud55c \uc791\uc740 \ubcf4\uc870 \ud589\ub82c(Low-Rank Adapter)\uc744 \ucd94\uac00\ud574 \uc870\uc815\ud558\ub294 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. Parameter-efficient fine-tuning\uc758 \ub300\ud45c\uc801\uc778 \ubc29\ubc95\uc73c\ub85c\ub3c4 \uc18c\uac1c\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">QLoRA(Quantized LoRA)\ub294 \uc5ec\uae30\uc5d0 quantization\uc744 \uacb0\ud569\ud55c \uc811\uadfc\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubaa8\ub378\uc744 \ub354 \ub0ae\uc740 \uc815\ubc00\ub3c4\ub85c \ub2e4\ub8e8\uba74\uc11c LoRA adapter\ub97c \ud559\uc2b5\ud574, \ub354 \uc801\uc740 \uba54\ubaa8\ub9ac\ub85c LoRA\uc640 \uc720\uc0ac\ud55c fine-tuning\uc744 \uc2dc\ub3c4\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uac8c \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">LoRA \ub17c\ubb38\uc740 GPT-3 175B \uae30\uc900\uc73c\ub85c \ud559\uc2b5\uc758 \ub300\uc0c1\uc774 \ub418\ub294 \uac00\uc911\uce58\uc758 \uc22b\uc790\ub97c \ud06c\uac8c \uc904\uc5ec GPU\uc640 \uba54\ubaa8\ub9ac \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub7c9\uc744 \ub0ae\ucd9c \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4\uace0 \uc124\uba85\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. QLoRA \ub17c\ubb38\uc740 65B \ubaa8\ub378\uc744 single 48GB GPU\uc5d0\uc11c fine-tuning\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub3c4\ub85d \uba54\ubaa8\ub9ac \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc744 \uc904\uc5ec \ud559\uc2b5\ud55c \uc0ac\ub840\ub97c \uc81c\uc2dc\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. 65B \ubaa8\ub378\uc740 \uc77c\ubc18\uc801\uc778 \ubc29\ubc95\uc73c\ub85c \ud559\uc2b5\ud558\ub824\uba74 1TB\uac00 \ub118\ub294 \uba54\ubaa8\ub9ac\uac00 \ud544\uc694\ud558\ub2c8 \ub300\ub7b5 1\/20 \uc218\uc900\uc73c\ub85c \uba54\ubaa8\ub9ac \uc694\uad6c\ub7c9\uc744 \uc904\uc778 \uac83\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud544\uc694\ud55c \ud559\uc2b5 \ub370\uc774\ud130\uc758 \uc591\uc740 \uc218\ucc9c~\uc218\ubc31\ub9cc \uac74 \uc815\ub3c4\ub85c \uc77c\ubc18\uc801\uc778 fine-tuning\uacfc \ube44\uc2b7\ud55c \uc218\uc900\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ubbc0\ub85c \ucef4\ud4e8\ud305 \uc790\uc6d0\uc758 \uc7a5\ubcbd\uc774 \ub0ae\uc544\uc9c4\ub2e4\ub294 \ub9d0\uc774 \ud559\uc2b5 \ub370\uc774\ud130, \ud3c9\uac00 \ub370\uc774\ud130, \uacfc\uc801\ud569 \uc810\uac80, \ud68c\uadc0 \uac80\uc99d\uc774 \uc0ac\ub77c\uc9c4\ub2e4\ub294 \ub73b\uc740 \uc544\ub2d9\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\uc81c\ub2c8\ud37c fine-tuning \ubaa8\ub378\uc740 \uc774 QLoRA \ubc29\uc2dd\uc73c\ub85c \uc2dc\ub3c4\ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud558\ub4dc\uc6e8\uc5b4 \uc790\uc6d0\uc744 \ud6a8\uc728\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud55c\ub2e4\ub294 \uc810\uc774 \uc911\uc694\ud588\uace0, \uc27d\uac8c \uc81c\uac70\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uc678\ubd80 \uc5b4\ub311\ud130\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc774\ub77c \ub9ac\uc2a4\ud06c\uac00 \uc801\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc2dc\uc7a5\uc5d0\uc11c LLM\uc744 fine-tuning\ud55c\ub2e4\uace0 \ud558\uba74 LoRA\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \uacbd\uc6b0\uac00 \ub9ce\uc558\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. (LoRA\uc640 QLoRA\ub97c \uc5c4\ubc00\ud788 \uad6c\ubd84\ud574 \uc774\uc57c\uae30\ud558\ub294 \uacbd\uc6b0\ub294 \ub4dc\ubb3c\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ud559\uc2b5 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub97c \ub9cc\ub4dc\ub294 \ubc29\ubc95\uc5d0 \ub530\ub978 LLM \ud559\uc2b5<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Post-training\uc758 \uc2e4\uc81c \ud488\uc9c8\uc740 \uc54c\uace0\ub9ac\uc998 \uc774\ub984\ubcf4\ub2e4 \ub370\uc774\ud130\uc640 \uc2e0\ud638\uc758 \ud488\uc9c8\uc5d0 \ud06c\uac8c \uc88c\uc6b0\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub798\uc11c LLM \ud559\uc2b5\uc744 \uc774\uc57c\uae30\ud560 \ub54c\ub294 \ub370\uc774\ud130 \uad6c\uc131\uc744 \ud568\uaed8 \ubcf4\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc720\uc6a9\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uc800\ub834\ud558\uac8c \ud655\ubcf4\ud558\ub294 \ub300\uaddc\ubaa8 \ub370\uc774\ud130: Unsupervised learning(\ud639\uc740 Self-supervised learning)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201csupervise\u201d\ub294 \u201c\uac10\ub3c5\ud558\ub2e4\u201d\ub77c\ub294 \ub73b\uc774 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. Supervised learning\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ud558\uba74 \ud559\uc2b5 \uacfc\uc815\uc5d0\uc11c \uc815\ub2f5\uc774 \uc874\uc7ac\ud558\ub294 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \ud559\uc2b5 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc744 \uc774\ub985\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubaa8\ub378\uc5d0\uac8c \u201c\uc774\uac8c \uc815\ub2f5\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4\u201d\ub77c\uace0 \uc54c\ub824\uc8fc\ub2c8 \u201csupervised\u201d\uc778 \uac83\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Unsupervised learning\uc740 \uc815\ub2f5\uc774 \uc874\uc7ac\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \ud559\uc2b5\ud558\ub294 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc744 \uc774\ub985\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc720\uc0ac\ud55c \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub97c \ubb36\ub294 clustering\uc774\ub098 \uacbd\ud5a5\uc131\uc744 \ud30c\uc545\ud558\ub294 regression \uacc4\uc5f4 \ubb38\uc81c\ub97c \ud480 \ub54c \ud754\ud788 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Supervised learning\uc740 \ub370\uc774\ud130\uc5d0 \u201c\uc815\ub2f5\u201d\uc744 \ud45c\uae30\ud558\ub294 labeling \uc791\uc5c5\uc774 \ud544\uc694\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub530\ub77c\uc11c unsupervised learning\uc5d0 \ube44\ud574 \ub370\uc774\ud130 \ud655\ubcf4 \ube44\uc6a9\uc774 \ub192\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. LLM\uc740 \ubcf5\uc7a1\ud55c \ud328\ud134\uc778 \uc790\uc5f0\uc5b4\ub97c \ud45c\ud604\ud574\uc57c \ud558\ubbc0\ub85c \ud45c\ud604\ub825\uc774 \uc88b\uc740 \ub525\ub7ec\ub2dd \ubc29\uc2dd\uc744 \ud3ec\uae30\ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub3d9\uc2dc\uc5d0 \ucee4\ub2e4\ub780 \ubaa8\ub378\uc744 \ud559\uc2b5\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \ub300\ub7c9\uc758 \ub370\uc774\ud130\uac00 \ud544\uc694\ud558\ubbc0\ub85c supervised learning\uc744 \uc801\uc6a9\ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc \ub525\ub7ec\ub2dd\uc740 \ub300\ud45c\uc801\uc778 supervised learning \uae30\ubc95\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \uc0ac\uc774\uc5d0\uc11c \ucc3e\uc740 \ubc29\ubc95\uc774 self-supervised learning\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">LLM\uc740 \ub2e4\uc74c \ub2e8\uc5b4\ub97c \uc608\uce21\ud558\ub294 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc73c\ub85c \ud559\uc2b5\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \ubcc4\ub3c4\uc758 labeling \uc5c6\uc774 \uc774\ubbf8 \uc791\uc131\ub41c \uc5b4\ub5a4 \ud14d\uc2a4\ud2b8\ub77c\ub3c4 \ud559\uc2b5 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub85c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub807\uac8c unlabeled \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \ud559\uc2b5 \ud30c\uc774\ud504\ub77c\uc778\uc774 \uc790\ub3d9\uc73c\ub85c label\uc744 \ub2ec \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \ud615\ud0dc\uc758 \ud559\uc2b5\uc744 self-supervised learning\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ubd80\ub985\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">LLM\uc740 \uac00\ub2a5\ud55c \ubaa8\ub4e0 \ud14d\uc2a4\ud2b8 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub97c \ud65c\uc6a9\ud574 self-supervised learning\uc73c\ub85c pre-train\ub418\uba70, post-training \ub2e8\uacc4\uc5d0\uc11c \uc18c\uc6a9\ub7c9, \uace0\ud488\uc9c8\uc758 supervised data\ub85c \ucd94\uac00 \ud559\uc2b5\uc744 \uac70\uccd0 \ub3d9\uc791\uc744 \ub2e4\ub4ec\ub294 \uc2dd\uc73c\ub85c \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5b4\uc9d1\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc694\uc998\uc5d0\ub294 \u201c\uc800\ub834\ud55c \ub370\uc774\ud130\u201d\ub77c\ub294 \uc810\uc5d0 \ucd08\uc810\uc744 \ub9de\ucdb0 unsupervised learning\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \ud45c\ud604\uc774 \ub354 \uc790\uc8fc \uc4f0\uc774\ub294 \uac83 \uac19\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uac1c\uc778\uc801\uc73c\ub85c self-supervised learning\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \ud45c\ud604\uc744 \uc120\ud638\ud558\ub294\ub370, \u201cLLM\uc744 unsupervised learning\uc73c\ub85c pre-train\ud55c\ub2e4\u201d\ub294 \ud45c\ud604\uc774 \uc9c0\ubc30\uc801\uc774\ub77c \uc544\uc27d\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uc18c\uc6a9\ub7c9 \uace0\ud488\uc9c8 \ub370\uc774\ud130: SFT(Supervised Fine-Tuning)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">SFT\ub294 \uc785\ub825\uacfc \ubc14\ub78c\uc9c1\ud55c \ucd9c\ub825 \uc608\uc2dc\ub97c \ub370\uc774\ud130\uc14b\uc73c\ub85c \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5b4, \ubaa8\ub378\uc774 \uadf8 \ud615\uc2dd\uc744 \ub530\ub77c\uac00\ub3c4\ub85d \ucd94\uac00 \ud559\uc2b5\ud558\ub294 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. SFT\uc758 \ub300\ud45c\uc801\uc778 \uc608\ub85c, \uc9c0\uc2dc\ubb38\uacfc \uadf8\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ubaa8\ubc94 \uc751\ub2f5\uc744 \ud559\uc2b5\uc2dc\ucf1c \ubaa8\ub378\uc774 instruction-following \ud615\uc2dd\uc5d0 \uc775\uc219\ud574\uc9c0\ub3c4\ub85d \ub9cc\ub4dc\ub294 instruction tuning\uc774 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uac00 \u201c\uc751\ub2f5 \uc2dc\uac04\uc774 \uac11\uc790\uae30 \uc99d\uac00\ud558\uba74 \ubb34\uc5c7\uc744 \ud655\uc778\ud574\uc57c \ud558\ub098\uc694?\u201d\ub77c\uace0 \uc785\ub825\ud588\uc744 \ub54c, instruction tuning\uc774 \ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc740 \ubaa8\ub378\uc740 \uc9c8\ubb38\uc758 \uc758\ub3c4\ub97c \ub530\ub77c \ub2f5\ud558\uae30\ubcf4\ub2e4 \u201c\uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uc9c0\ud45c\ub97c \ud568\uaed8 \ubcf4\uba74 \uc88b\uc744\uae4c\uc694?\u201d\ucc98\ub7fc \uc9c8\ubb38\uc744 \uc774\uc5b4 \uc4f0\ub294 \ubc29\ud5a5\uc73c\ub85c \ubc18\uc751\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub2e4\uc74c \ub2e8\uc5b4\ub97c \uc608\uce21\ud558\ub294 \uc5b8\uc5b4 \ubaa8\ub378\ub85c\uc11c \uc790\uc5f0\uc2a4\ub7ec\uc6b4 \ub3d9\uc791\uc774\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Instruction tuning\uc740 \u201c\uc9c8\ubb38: \uc751\ub2f5 \uc2dc\uac04\uc774 \uac11\uc790\uae30 \uc99d\uac00\ud558\uba74 \ubb34\uc5c7\uc744 \ud655\uc778\ud574\uc57c \ud558\ub098\uc694? \/ \ub2f5\ubcc0: \uba3c\uc800 \uc751\ub2f5 \uc2dc\uac04 \uc99d\uac00\uac00 \ud2b9\uc815 \uc560\ud50c\ub9ac\ucf00\uc774\uc158, \ud2b8\ub79c\uc7ad\uc158, \uc2dc\uac04\ub300\uc5d0 \uc9d1\uc911\ub418\ub294\uc9c0 \ud655\uc778\ud558\uace0, \uac19\uc740 \uc2dc\uc810\uc758 CPU, DB \uc9c0\uc5f0, \uc678\ubd80 \ud638\ucd9c, \uc5d0\ub7ec \uc99d\uac00 \uc5ec\ubd80\ub97c \ud568\uaed8 \uc0b4\ud3b4\ubd05\ub2c8\ub2e4.\u201d\ucc98\ub7fc \uc9c8\ubb38\uacfc \ub2f5\ubcc0\uc758 \uc30d\uc744 \ud559\uc2b5\uc2dc\ucf1c, instruction\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uc785\ub825\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 answer\ub77c\ub294 \ucd9c\ub825 \ud615\uc2dd\uc73c\ub85c \ubc18\uc751\ud558\ub3c4\ub85d \uc720\ub3c4\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">SFT\ub294 \ud2b9\uc815 \uc751\ub2f5 \ud615\uc2dd\uc774\ub098 \ub3c4\uba54\uc778\ubcc4 \ub9d0\ud22c\ub97c \ub9de\ucd94\ub294 \ub370 \uc720\uc6a9\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 SFT\ub97c \ud588\ub2e4\uace0 \ud574\uc11c \ubaa8\ub378\uc774 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc744 \uc548\uc815\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uae30\uc5b5\ud558\uac70\ub098, \ud56d\uc0c1 \uc815\ud655\ud55c \ud310\ub2e8\uc744 \ub0b4\ub9b0\ub2e4\uace0 \ub9d0\ud560 \uc218\ub294 \uc5c6\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\uc81c\ub2c8\ud37c\uc758 \uacbd\uc6b0 \uc815\ud655\ud55c \ud615\uc2dd, \uc815\ud655\ud55c \uc5b8\uc5b4\ub97c \ub530\ub974\ub3c4\ub85d \uc720\ub3c4\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud55c \ubaa9\uc801\uc73c\ub85c SFT\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \u201c\uc774\ub7f0 \ud615\uc2dd\uc73c\ub85c \uc778\uc0ac\uc774\ud2b8 \ubd84\uc11d \uc694\uccad\uc774 \ub4e4\uc5b4\uc624\uba74 \uc774\ub7f0 \uc2dd\uc73c\ub85c \uc6d0\uc778 \ud6c4\ubcf4\uc640 \ud655\uc778 \ubc29\ubc95\uc744 \uc124\uba85\ud55c\ub2e4\u201d\ub294 \uc0d8\ud50c\uc744 \ub9ce\uc774 \ub9cc\ub4e4\uace0, \ubaa8\ub378\uc774 \uadf8 \uc751\ub2f5 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc744 \ub530\ub974\ub3c4\ub85d \ud559\uc2b5\uc2dc\ud0a4\ub294 \uc2dd\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Reinforcement learning<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Reinforcement learning\uc740 \ubaa8\ub378\uc774 \ub9cc\ub4e0 \ucd9c\ub825\uc5d0 \ubcf4\uc0c1(reward)\uc744 \ucc45\uc815\ud558\ub294 \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\uc744 \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5b4 \ub354 \ub192\uc740 \ubcf4\uc0c1\uc744 \ubc1b\ub294 \ubc29\ud5a5\uc73c\ub85c \ubaa8\ub378\uc758 \ud589\ub3d9\uc744 \uc870\uc815\ud558\ub294 \ubc29\ubc95\ub860\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. SFT\ub294 \uc8fc\uc5b4\uc9c4 \uc785\ub825\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc815\ub2f5 \ucd9c\ub825\uc744 \ubaa8\ub378\uc5d0 \ud559\uc2b5\uc2dc\ud0a4\ub294 \ub370 \ubc18\ud574, reinforcement learning\uc740 \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uc751\ub2f5\uc774 \ub354 \uc88b\uc740\uc9c0\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc120\ud638, \ubcf4\uc0c1, grader \uc810\uc218 \uac19\uc740 \ud3c9\uac00 \uccb4\uacc4\ub97c \uc774\uc6a9\ud574 \ubaa8\ub378\uc744 \ud559\uc2b5\ud55c\ub2e4\ub294 \ucc28\uc774\uac00 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7f0 \ud3c9\uac00 \uccb4\uacc4\ub97c \ub9cc\ub4dc\ub294 \ubc29\ubc95\ub3c4 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uac00\uc9c0\uac00 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\uc694\uc998\uc5d0\ub294 \ucf54\ub4dc \uc0dd\uc131\uc774\ub098 \uc218\ud559 \ubb38\uc81c \ud480\uc774\ub97c reinforcement learning\uc5d0 \ud65c\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \uc0ac\ub840\uac00 \ub9ce\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc608\ub97c \ub4e4\uc5b4, \ubaa8\ub378\uc774 \uc0dd\uc131\ud55c \ucf54\ub4dc\ub97c \uc2e4\ud589\ud574, compile \uc131\uacf5 \uc5ec\ubd80, unit test \ud1b5\uacfc \uc5ec\ubd80, runtime error \uc5ec\ubd80 \ub4f1\uc744 \ubcf4\uc0c1 \uc2e0\ud638\ub85c \ud65c\uc6a9\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">RLHF(reinforcement learning from human\nfeedback)\ub294 \uc0ac\ub78c\uc774 \ub9cc\ub4e0 \uc120\ud638 \ube44\uad50\ub098 \ud3c9\uac00\ub97c \uc774\uc6a9\ud574 reward model\uc744 \ub9cc\ub4e4\uace0, \uadf8 \ubcf4\uc0c1 \uc2e0\ud638\ub97c \uae30\uc900\uc73c\ub85c \ubaa8\ub378\uc744 \uc870\uc815\ud558\ub294 \uc811\uadfc\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc0ac\ub78c\uc758 \u201c\ucde8\ud5a5\u201d\uc744 \ud559\uc2b5\ud55c\ub2e4\ub294 \uc758\ubbf8\uc5d0\uc11c Direct Preference Optimization(DPO)\ub77c\ub294 \uc6a9\uc5b4\uac00 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub418\uae30\ub3c4 \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc8fc\uc5b4\uc9c4 \uc785\ub825\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 LLM\uc774 4~5\uac00\uc9c0 \uc815\ub3c4 \ub2f5\uc744 \uc0dd\uc131\ud558\uace0, \uc0ac\ub78c\uc774 \uadf8 \uc120\ud638 \uc21c\uc11c\ub97c \ucc44\uc810\ud558\ub294 \uc2dd\uc73c\ub85c \ud53c\ub4dc\ubc31 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub97c \ub9cc\ub4ed\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7f0 \ucc44\uc810\uc744 \uc0ac\ub78c\uc774 \uc544\ub2cc AI\uac00 \ud558\ub294 \uc811\uadfc\ub3c4 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Distillation<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Distillation\uc740 \ud06c\uace0 \uace0\uc131\ub2a5\uc778 \ubaa8\ub378\uc758 \uc751\ub2f5\uc744 \uc218\uc9d1\ud574 \ub354 \uc791\uace0 \uac00\ubcbc\uc6b4 \ubaa8\ub378\uc744 \ud559\uc2b5\uc2dc\ud0a4\ub294 \uc811\uadfc\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud070 \ubaa8\ub378\uc744 teacher model, \uc791\uc740 student model\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \uce6d\ud558\uae30\ub3c4 \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubaa9\uc801\uc740 \ub300\uac1c \ube44\uc6a9, \uc18d\ub3c4, \ubc30\ud3ec \uc81c\uc57d\uc744 \uc904\uc774\ub294 \ub370 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Distillation\uc740 \ud070 \ubaa8\ub378\uc758 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \ub2a5\ub825\uc744 \uadf8\ub300\ub85c \ubcf5\uc81c\ud55c\ub2e4\ub294 \ub73b\uc774 \uc544\ub2d9\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud2b9\uc815 \uc791\uc5c5 \ubc94\uc704\uc5d0\uc11c \ud544\uc694\ud55c \uc751\ub2f5 \ud328\ud134\uc744 \ub354 \uc791\uc740 \ubaa8\ub378\uc774 \ub530\ub77c\uac00\ub3c4\ub85d \ub9cc\ub4dc\ub294 \uac83\uc5d0 \uac00\uae5d\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \u201c\ud070 \ubaa8\ub378\uc758 \ub2a5\ub825\uc744 \uc791\uc740 \ubaa8\ub378\uc5d0 \uadf8\ub300\ub85c \uc62e\uacbc\ub2e4\u201d\ubcf4\ub2e4 \u201c\uc800\ub834\ud558\uac8c \ud559\uc2b5 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub97c \ud655\ubcf4\ud558\ub294 \uc811\uadfc\u201d\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \uc774\ud574\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\uc81c\ub2c8\ud37c \ud30c\uc778\ud29c\ub2dd \ubaa8\ub378\uc740 GPT-4.1\uc758 \uc751\ub2f5\uc744 Gemma3 1B\uc758 \ud559\uc2b5 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub85c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud588\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c distillation \uae30\ubc95\uc744 \ud65c\uc6a9\ud588\ub2e4\uace0 \ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Context engineering<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Fine-tuning\uc73c\ub85c \uc785\ub825\ud55c \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub294 \ubaa8\ub378\uc774 \uc815\ud655\ud788 \uc7ac\ud604\ud560 \uac00\ub2a5\uc131\ub3c4 \uc788\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uadf8\ub7ec\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc744 \uac00\ub2a5\uc131\ub3c4 \ud07d\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub9e4\ub274\uc5bc, \uc7a5\uc560 \uc774\ub825, \ub300\uc2dc\ubcf4\ub4dc \uc0c1\ud0dc\ucc98\ub7fc \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc774 \uacc4\uc18d \ubc14\ub00c\uac70\ub098 \ucd5c\uc2e0\uc131\uc774 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uc815\ubcf4\ub294 \uc560\uc2dc\ub2f9\ucd08 \ubaa8\ub378\uc774 \uc678\uc6b0\uac8c \ud574\uc11c\ub3c4 \uc548 \ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7f0 \uacbd\uc6b0\ub294 \uc678\ubd80 \ub370\uc774\ud130 \uc8fc\uc785, \uc989 context engineering\uc73c\ub85c \ub2e4\ub904\uc57c \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Context engineering\uc740 LLM\uc774 \uc791\uc5c5\uc744 \uc218\ud589\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub3c4\ub85d \uc62c\ubc14\ub978 \uc815\ubcf4\uc640 \ub3c4\uad6c\ub97c \uc62c\ubc14\ub978 \ud615\uc2dd\uc73c\ub85c \uc81c\uacf5\ud558\ub294 \uc791\uc5c5\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc5ec\uae30\uc5d0\ub294 \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790 \uc9c8\ubb38, \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c \uc9c0\uc2dc, \uac80\uc0c9 \uacb0\uacfc, \ud654\uba74 \uc0c1\ud0dc, \ub3c4\uad6c \uc124\uba85, \uc774\uc804 \ub300\ud654, \ucd9c\ub825 \ud615\uc2dd, \uc548\uc804 \uc81c\uc57d \ub4f1\uc774 \ud3ec\ud568\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">LLM\uc744 \ud65c\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \ub300\ubd80\ubd84\uc758 \uae30\ub2a5\/\uc81c\ud488\uc744 \ub9cc\ub4e4 \ub54c\ub294 \uc774 context engineering\uc5d0 \uc9d1\uc911\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. LLM\uc5d0\uac8c \uc774 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub97c \uadf8\ub300\ub85c \ub358\uc9c0\ub294 \uac83\ub9cc\uc73c\ub85c\ub294 \uc88b\uc740 \ubd84\uc11d\uc774 \ub098\uc624\uae30 \uc5b4\ub835\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc81c\ub2c8\ud37c\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uba3c\uc800 \ubb38\uc81c \ud6c4\ubcf4\ub97c \uc881\ud788\uace0, \uc6b4\uc601\uc790\uac00 \ubcf4\ub294 \ud654\uba74\uacfc \ub370\uc774\ud130\uc758 \uad00\uacc4\ub97c \uc815\ub9ac\ud558\uace0, LLM\uc774 \uc77d\uc744 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \ud14d\uc2a4\ud2b8 \uad6c\uc870\ub85c \uc7ac\uad6c\uc131\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7f0 \uc791\uc5c5\uc740 \ubaa8\ub378\uc744 \uc218\uc815\ud558\uc9c0\ub294 \uc54a\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uacb0\uacfc \ud488\uc9c8\uc5d0 \ud070 \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \uc90d\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Context engineering\uc740 \uae30\uc220\uc801\uc778 \uc6a9\uc5b4\ub85c\ub294 \u201c\ud559\uc2b5\u201d\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ubd80\ub974\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub2e4\ub9cc, \uc678\ubd80 \uc9c0\uc2dd\uc744 \ud65c\uc6a9\ud574 \ubaa8\ub378\uc774 \u201c\uc54c\uac8c \ud588\ub2e4\u201d\ub294 \ub9e5\ub77d\uc5d0\uc11c \uc0ac\uc804\uc801\uc778 \uc758\ubbf8\uc758 \u201c\ud559\uc2b5\u201d\uc73c\ub85c \uc0dd\uac01\ud560 \uc218\ub294 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">RAG<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">RAG\ub294 retrieval augmented\ngeneration\uc758 \uc57d\uc790\ub85c context engineering\uc758 \ub300\ud45c\uc801\uc778 \ud615\ud0dc \uc911 \ud558\ub098\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubaa8\ub378\uc774 \uc751\ub2f5\uc744 \uc0dd\uc131\ud558\uae30 \uc804\uc5d0 \uc678\ubd80 \uc9c0\uc2dd \uae30\ubc18\uc5d0\uc11c \uad00\ub828 \uc815\ubcf4\ub97c \uac80\uc0c9\ud558\uace0, \uadf8 \uacb0\uacfc\ub97c \uc2e4\ud589 \ubb38\ub9e5\uc5d0 \ud3ec\ud568\ud574 \ub2f5\ubcc0\ud558\uac8c \ud558\ub294 \uad6c\uc870\ub97c \ub73b\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud2b9\ud788 \uace0\uac1d\uc0ac \ubb38\uc11c\ucc98\ub7fc \uc790\uc8fc \ubc14\ub00c\uace0 \uc6d0\ubb38 \uadfc\uac70\uc640 \uad8c\ud55c \uad00\ub9ac\uac00 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uc815\ubcf4\ub294, \ubaa8\ub378 \ud30c\ub77c\ubbf8\ud130\uc5d0 \ub179\uc774\ub294 \uac83\ubcf4\ub2e4 \uac80\uc0c9 \uc778\ub371\uc2a4\uc640 \ubb38\ub9e5 \uad6c\uc131 \uacc4\uce35\uc5d0\uc11c \uad00\ub9ac\ud558\ub294 \ud3b8\uc774 \uc790\uc5f0\uc2a4\ub7ec\uc6b4 \uacbd\uc6b0\uac00 \ub9ce\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\uc81c\ub2c8\ud37c \ub3c4\uc6c0\ub9d0 \ucc57\ubd07\ucc98\ub7fc \ub9e4\ub274\uc5bc\uc744 \uae30\ubc18\uc73c\ub85c \ub2f5\ud558\ub294 \uc11c\ube44\uc2a4\ub294 RAG\uc758 \uc804\ud615\uc801\uc778 \uc6a9\ub840\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \uacbd\uc6b0 \u201c\ub9e4\ub274\uc5bc\uc744 \ud559\uc2b5\uc2dc\ucf30\ub2e4\u201d\ubcf4\ub2e4 \u201c\ub9e4\ub274\uc5bc\uc5d0\uc11c \uad00\ub828 \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc744 \uac80\uc0c9\ud574 LLM\uc774 \ucc38\uace0\ud558\ub3c4\ub85d \ud588\ub2e4\u201d\ub294 \ud45c\ud604\uc774 \ub354 \uc5c4\ubc00\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uc81c\ub2c8\ud37c\uc758 AI \uae30\ub2a5\uc744 \uc774 \uad00\uc810\uc5d0\uc11c \ubcf4\uba74<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"644\" src=\"https:\/\/jennifersoft.com\/ko\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2026\/07\/\u1109\u1173\u110f\u1173\u1105\u1175\u11ab\u1109\u1163\u11ba-2026-07-13-\u110b\u1169\u1112\u116e-2.58.48-1024x644.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-16836\" srcset=\"https:\/\/jennifersoft.com\/ko\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2026\/07\/\u1109\u1173\u110f\u1173\u1105\u1175\u11ab\u1109\u1163\u11ba-2026-07-13-\u110b\u1169\u1112\u116e-2.58.48-1024x644.png 1024w, https:\/\/jennifersoft.com\/ko\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2026\/07\/\u1109\u1173\u110f\u1173\u1105\u1175\u11ab\u1109\u1163\u11ba-2026-07-13-\u110b\u1169\u1112\u116e-2.58.48-300x189.png 300w, https:\/\/jennifersoft.com\/ko\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2026\/07\/\u1109\u1173\u110f\u1173\u1105\u1175\u11ab\u1109\u1163\u11ba-2026-07-13-\u110b\u1169\u1112\u116e-2.58.48.png 1850w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uac1c\ub150\ub4e4\uacfc \uac01\uac01\uc758 \ud2b9\uc9d5\uc744 \uc54c\uc544 \ub450\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc81c\ud488\uc744 \ub9cc\ub4e4\uace0 \uc6b4\uc601\ud558\ub294 \ub370 \ub3c4\uc6c0\uc774 \ub420 \uac83\uc774\ub77c \uc0dd\uac01\ud574 \uc774 \uae00\uc744 \uc791\uc131\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. AI\ub294 \ube14\ub799\ubc15\uc2a4\ucc98\ub7fc \ubcf4\uc774\uae30 \uc26c\uc6b4 \uae30\uc220\uc778\ub370, \uadf8 \uc7a5\ub9c9\uc744 \ub4e4\ucd94\ub294 \uacc4\uae30\uac00 \ub418\uba74 \uc88b\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"570\" src=\"https:\/\/jennifersoft.com\/ko\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2026\/07\/\u1109\u1173\u110f\u1173\u1105\u1175\u11ab\u1109\u1163\u11ba-2026-07-13-\u110b\u1169\u1112\u116e-3.02.51-1024x570.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-16838\" srcset=\"https:\/\/jennifersoft.com\/ko\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2026\/07\/\u1109\u1173\u110f\u1173\u1105\u1175\u11ab\u1109\u1163\u11ba-2026-07-13-\u110b\u1169\u1112\u116e-3.02.51-1024x570.png 1024w, https:\/\/jennifersoft.com\/ko\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2026\/07\/\u1109\u1173\u110f\u1173\u1105\u1175\u11ab\u1109\u1163\u11ba-2026-07-13-\u110b\u1169\u1112\u116e-3.02.51-300x167.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\uc81c\ub2c8\ud37c\ub294 \ube0c\ub77c\uc6b0\uc800 LLM\uc5d0 \ud55c\ud574 \uc81c\ud55c\uc801\uc73c\ub85c fine-tuning\uc744 \uc9c4\ud589\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uace0, \uadf8 \uc678 \ub300\ubd80\ubd84\uc758 LLM \uae30\ub2a5\uc740 \ubaa8\ub2c8\ud130\ub9c1 \ub9e5\ub77d\uc744 LLM\uc774 \uc77d\uc744 \uc218 \uc788\uac8c \uc815\ub9ac\ud574 \uc804\ub2ec\ud558\ub294 RAG\uc640 context engineering\uc73c\ub85c \uad6c\uc131\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. <\/strong>\uc81c\ub2c8\ud37c \ub3c4\uc6c0\ub9d0 \ucc57\ubd07\uc774 \ub9e4\ub274\uc5bc\uc744 \uac80\uc0c9\ud574 \ub2f5\ud558\ub3c4\ub85d \ub9cc\ub4e4\uace0, \uc81c\ub2c8\ud37c \uc778\uc0ac\uc774\ud2b8\uac00 \uba54\ud2b8\ub9ad\uacfc \ud2b8\ub79c\uc7ad\uc158 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub97c \uc815\ub9ac\ud574 LLM\uc5d0 \ub118\uae30\ub294 \uc77c\uc774 \ubaa8\ub450 \uc774 \ubc94\uc8fc\uc5d0 \ub4e4\uc5b4\uac11\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\uace0\uac1d\uc0ac \ud658\uacbd\uc5d0\uc11c LLM\uc744 \ud559\uc2b5\uc2dc\ud0a4\ub294 \uc77c\uc740 \uadf8 \ud604\uc2e4\uc131\uc774 \ub0ae\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc131\ub2a5 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub294 \uc2e4\uc2dc\uac04\uc131\uacfc \uc815\ud655\uc131\uc774 \uc911\uc694\ud55c\ub370, \uc704\uc5d0\uc11c \uc0b4\ud3b4\ubcf8 \uac83\ucc98\ub7fc LLM\uc740 \ud559\uc2b5 \uc2dc\uc810\uc5d0 \uace0\uc815\ub41c \ud655\ub960 \ubd84\ud3ec \ud568\uc218\uc774\ubbc0\ub85c \ub9e4 \uc21c\uac04 \uc0c8\ub85c \ub4e4\uc5b4\uc624\ub294 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub97c \ubaa8\ub378 \uc548\uc5d0 \uae30\uc5b5\uc2dc\ud0a4\ub294 \ub370 \uc801\ud569\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud559\uc2b5\uc5d0 \ud544\uc694\ud55c \uc591\uc9c8\uc758 \ub370\uc774\ud130\uc640 GPU \uc790\uc6d0\uc744 \uace0\uac1d\uc0ac \ud658\uacbd\uc5d0\uc11c \ud655\ubcf4\ud558\uae30 \uc5b4\ub835\uace0, \ud559\uc2b5 \uacb0\uacfc\uac00 \uae30\uc874\ubcf4\ub2e4 \ubabb\ud55c \ud68c\uadc0\ub97c \uc77c\uc73c\ud0a4\ub354\ub77c\ub3c4 on-premise \ud658\uacbd\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc774\ub97c \uc548\uc815\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud3c9\uac00\ud558\uace0 \ub300\ucc98\ud558\uae30 \uc5b4\ub835\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\uac19\uc740 \uc774\uc720\ub85c \uc81c\ub2c8\ud37c\ub3c4 fine-tuning\uc744 \uacf5\uaca9\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud65c\uc6a9\ud558\uc9c0\ub294 \uc54a\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. Fine-tuning\uc740 \ubaa8\ub378\uc758 \uc751\ub2f5 \uc804\ubc18\uc5d0 \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \ubbf8\uce58\ubbc0\ub85c \uae30\uc874\uc5d0 \uc798 \ub2f5\ud558\ub358 \uc694\uccad\uc5d0\uc11c \ud68c\uadc0 \ubb38\uc81c\uac00 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud558\uae30 \uc27d\uace0, \ud559\uc2b5 \ub370\uc774\ud130 \uad6c\uc131\uacfc \uacb0\uacfc \ud3c9\uac00 \uc790\uccb4\uac00 \ub9cc\ub9cc\uce58 \uc54a\uc740 \uc791\uc5c5\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub3d9\uc548 \uc678\ubd80 \ubc94\uc6a9 LLM\uc758 \uac1c\uc120 \uc18d\ub3c4\uac00 \ube60\ub974\uac8c \uc720\uc9c0\ub418\uace0 \uc788\uace0, \uace0\uac1d\uc0ac\uac00 \uc81c\ub2c8\ud37c fine-tuning \ubaa8\ub378 \uc804\uc6a9\uc73c\ub85c GPU \uc778\ud504\ub77c\ub97c \ubcc4\ub3c4 \ud560\ub2f9\ud558\uae30\ub3c4 \uc27d\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub2e4\ub294 \uc810\ub3c4 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ubc18\ub300\ub85c <strong>context engineering\uc740 \uc2e4\uc2dc\uac04 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub97c \ub9e4 \uc694\uccad\ub9c8\ub2e4 \uc0c8\ub85c \uad6c\uc131\ud574 \ub118\uae38 \uc218 \uc788\uace0, \uc678\ubd80 LLM\uc774 \uc88b\uc544\uc9c8\uc218\ub85d \uac19\uc740 \uc791\uc5c5\uc774 \ud568\uaed8 \uc88b\uc544\uc9c4\ub2e4\ub294 \uc7a5\uc810<\/strong>\uc774 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uace0\uac1d\uc0ac\ub9c8\ub2e4 \ub3c4\uc785\ud558\ub294 LLM\uc774 \ub2e4\ub978 \ud658\uacbd\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 \uac19\uc740 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc73c\ub85c \ub300\uc751\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uace0, \uc5b4\ub5a4 LLM\uc744 \uc4f0\ub354\ub77c\ub3c4 \uc785\ub825, \ub3c4\uad6c, \ucd9c\ub825\uc744 \uc124\uacc4\ud558\ub294 context engineering \uc791\uc5c5\uc774 \uacb0\uad6d \ud544\uc694\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc81c\ub2c8\ud37c \uc81c\ud488 \uac1c\ubc1c\uc774 \uc9c0\uae08 context engineering\uc5d0 \ubb34\uac8c\ub97c \ub450\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \uac83\uc740 LLM\uc758 \ud2b9\uc9d5\uc744 \uace0\ub824\ud55c \uc120\ud0dd\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uc790\uc8fc \ubb3b\ub294 \uc9c8\ubb38 (FAQ)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Q. \u201cLLM \ud559\uc2b5\u201d\uacfc \u201cFine-tuning\u201d\uc740 \uac19\uc740 \ub9d0\uc778\uac00\uc694?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\uc544\ub2d9\ub2c8\ub2e4. \u201cLLM \ud559\uc2b5\u201d\uc740 \uc5c4\ubc00\ud788\ub294 \ubaa8\ub378 \ud30c\ub77c\ubbf8\ud130\ub97c \uc5c5\ub370\uc774\ud2b8\ud558\ub294 \uc791\uc5c5 \uc804\uccb4(pre-training + post-training)\ub97c \uac00\ub9ac\ud0a4\uace0, fine-tuning\uc740 \uadf8\uc911 pre-training\ub41c \ubaa8\ub378\uc758 \ud30c\ub77c\ubbf8\ud130\ub098 \ubcf4\uc870 \ud30c\ub77c\ubbf8\ud130(adapter)\ub97c \uc5c5\ub370\uc774\ud2b8\ud558\ub294 \ub3d9\uc791\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud504\ub86c\ud504\ud2b8 \ucd94\uac00\ub098 tool description \uc870\uc815 \uac19\uc740 \uc791\uc5c5\uc744 \u201c\ud30c\uc778\ud29c\ub2dd\ud588\ub2e4\u201d\uace0 \ud45c\ud604\ud558\uba74 \ud63c\ub3d9\uc774 \uc0dd\uae38 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Q. RAG\ub97c \uc4f0\uba74 \u201cAI\ub97c \ud559\uc2b5\uc2dc\ucf30\ub2e4\u201d\uace0 \ub9d0\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub098\uc694?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\uae30\uc220\uc801\uc778 \uc758\ubbf8\uc758 \u201c\ud559\uc2b5\u201d\uc740 \uc544\ub2d9\ub2c8\ub2e4. RAG\ub294 \ubaa8\ub378 \ud30c\ub77c\ubbf8\ud130\ub97c \ubc14\uafb8\uc9c0 \uc54a\uace0 \uc678\ubd80 \uc9c0\uc2dd\uc744 \uac80\uc0c9\ud574 \uc2e4\ud589 \ubb38\ub9e5\uc5d0 \ub123\ub294 context engineering\uc758 \ud55c \ud615\ud0dc\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \u201c\ub9e4\ub274\uc5bc\uc744 \ud559\uc2b5\uc2dc\ucf30\ub2e4\u201d\ubcf4\ub2e4 \u201c\ub9e4\ub274\uc5bc\uc5d0\uc11c \uad00\ub828 \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc744 \uac80\uc0c9\ud574 LLM\uc774 \ucc38\uace0\ud558\ub3c4\ub85d \ud588\ub2e4\u201d\uac00 \ub354 \uc5c4\ubc00\ud55c \ud45c\ud604\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Q. Full fine-tuning\uacfc LoRA\/QLoRA\uc758 \ucc28\uc774\ub294 \ubb34\uc5c7\uc778\uac00\uc694?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Full fine-tuning\uc740 \uc804\uccb4 \ubaa8\ub378 \ub610\ub294 \uc8fc\uc694 \uac00\uc911\uce58\ub97c \uc9c1\uc811 \uc5c5\ub370\uc774\ud2b8\ud558\uace0, LoRA\ub294 \uae30\uc874 \uac00\uc911\uce58\ub97c \uace0\uc815\ud55c \ucc44 \uc791\uc740 \ubcf4\uc870 \ud589\ub82c(adapter)\ub9cc \ud559\uc2b5\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. QLoRA\ub294 \uc5ec\uae30\uc5d0 quantization\uc744 \uacb0\ud569\ud574 65B \ubaa8\ub378\uc744 single 48GB GPU\uc5d0\uc11c \ud559\uc2b5\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc744 \uc815\ub3c4\ub85c \uba54\ubaa8\ub9ac \uc694\uad6c\ub7c9\uc744 \uc904\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub2e4\ub9cc \ud544\uc694\ud55c \ud559\uc2b5 \ub370\uc774\ud130 \uc591\uacfc \ud3c9\uac00\u00b7\uac80\uc99d \ubd80\ub2f4\uc740 \ube44\uc2b7\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Q. SFT\uc640 Reinforcement learning\uc740 \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \ub2e4\ub978\uac00\uc694?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">SFT\ub294 \uc8fc\uc5b4\uc9c4 \uc785\ub825\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc815\ub2f5 \ucd9c\ub825\uc744 \ubaa8\ub378\uc5d0 \ud559\uc2b5\uc2dc\ud0a4\ub294 \ubc18\uba74, reinforcement learning\uc740 \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uc751\ub2f5\uc774 \ub354 \uc88b\uc740\uc9c0\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc120\ud638, \ubcf4\uc0c1, grader \uc810\uc218 \uac19\uc740 \ud3c9\uac00 \uccb4\uacc4\ub97c \uc774\uc6a9\ud574 \ud559\uc2b5\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. RLHF\ub294 \uc0ac\ub78c\uc758 \uc120\ud638 \ube44\uad50\ub85c reward model\uc744 \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5b4 \ud65c\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \ub300\ud45c\uc801 \uc811\uadfc\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Q. \uc790\uc8fc \ubc14\ub00c\ub294 \uace0\uac1d\uc0ac \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub294 fine-tuning\uc73c\ub85c \ub123\uc73c\uba74 \uc548 \ub418\ub098\uc694?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\uad8c\uc7a5\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. LLM\uc740 \ud559\uc2b5 \uc2dc\uc810\uc5d0 \uace0\uc815\ub41c \ud655\ub960 \ubd84\ud3ec \ud568\uc218\ub77c \ub9e4 \uc21c\uac04 \uc0c8\ub85c \ub4e4\uc5b4\uc624\ub294 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub97c \ubaa8\ub378 \uc548\uc5d0 \uae30\uc5b5\uc2dc\ud0a4\ub294 \ub370 \uc801\ud569\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub9e4\ub274\uc5bc, \uc7a5\uc560 \uc774\ub825, \ub300\uc2dc\ubcf4\ub4dc \uc0c1\ud0dc\ucc98\ub7fc \ucd5c\uc2e0\uc131\uc774 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uc815\ubcf4\ub294 RAG\u00b7context engineering\uc73c\ub85c \ub2e4\ub8e8\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc801\ud569\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Q. Distillation\uc744 \ud558\uba74 \ud070 \ubaa8\ub378\uc758 \ub2a5\ub825\uc774 \uc791\uc740 \ubaa8\ub378\ub85c \uadf8\ub300\ub85c \uc62e\uaca8\uc9c0\ub098\uc694?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\uc544\ub2d9\ub2c8\ub2e4. Distillation\uc740 \ud070 \ubaa8\ub378\uc758 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \ub2a5\ub825\uc744 \ubcf5\uc81c\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c, \ud2b9\uc815 \uc791\uc5c5 \ubc94\uc704\uc5d0\uc11c \ud544\uc694\ud55c \uc751\ub2f5 \ud328\ud134\uc744 \uc791\uc740 \ubaa8\ub378\uc774 \ub530\ub77c\uac00\ub3c4\ub85d \ub9cc\ub4dc\ub294 \uac83\uc5d0 \uac00\uae5d\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \u201c\uc800\ub834\ud558\uac8c \ud559\uc2b5 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub97c \ud655\ubcf4\ud558\ub294 \uc811\uadfc\u201d\uc73c\ub85c \uc774\ud574\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc815\ud655\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\ubaa9\ucc28 LLM \ud559\uc2b5 \uc6a9\uc5b4 \uc815\ub9ac\uc5b8\uc5b4 \uc0dd\uc131 \ub525\ub7ec\ub2dd \ubaa8\ub378 \ud559\uc2b5LLM \ud559\uc2b5\ud559\uc2b5 \ub2e8\uacc4\uc5d0 \ub530\ub978 LLM \ud559\uc2b5\ud559\uc2b5 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub97c \ub9cc\ub4dc\ub294 \ubc29\ubc95\uc5d0 \ub530\ub978 LLM \ud559\uc2b5Context&#8230;","protected":false},"author":37,"featured_media":16848,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":true,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[204],"tags":[431,429,425,51,391,426,433,432,428,427,430,115,344,55,409,53,418],"class_list":["post-16828","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tech","tag-context-engineering","tag-distillation","tag-fine-tuning","tag-jennifer","tag-llm","tag-lora","tag-post-training","tag-pre-training","tag-rag","tag-rlhf","tag-sft","tag-115","tag-344","tag-55","tag-ai","tag-53","tag-418"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/jennifersoft.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16828","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/jennifersoft.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/jennifersoft.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jennifersoft.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/37"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jennifersoft.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16828"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/jennifersoft.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16828\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":18411,"href":"https:\/\/jennifersoft.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16828\/revisions\/18411"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jennifersoft.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/16848"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/jennifersoft.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16828"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jennifersoft.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16828"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jennifersoft.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16828"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}